[foreword] with the development of digital, wireless network and intelligent lighting technology, lighting engineers have more and more skills in stage lighting
Superb. The 60th anniversary of the national day of Tiananmen Square Gala, the first time in China to use wireless network system for intelligent lighting control, and the number of control loops, control area of the world's largest. With the application of international cutting-edge technology, bold innovation and breaking through the previous pattern, it has created a precedent for China's professional lighting control at the national standard large square evening party. As one of the stage lighting production units participating in the grand event, Beijing Fengshang century Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou shiquande Lighting Co., Ltd. have won high praise from the industry, as well as from the Preparatory Committee of the party to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China in Beijing. Taking the evening party as an example, this paper discusses the wireless network lighting control system of the large variety show on the film and television stage.
[Foreword] With the development of digital technology, wireless network and
intelligent lighting technology, stage lighting control techniques used by
lighting designer become more skilled. On China’s National Day 60th anniversary
of the Tiananmen Square evening gala, it used a wireless network system,
intelligent lighting controls, which is the first time for domestic. The quantity of channels and region rank of control is the top of the world. The
application of international State-of-art science and technology and innovation
bravely, breaking the previous pattern, Created a precedent in the field of
China professional lighting control at national level specifications of
large scale square evening gala. Participating in this event as a stage lighting
production unit, Beijing Tiptop Century Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Siquande Lighting Co., Ltd are well-reputed, also won the praise of the 60th National
Day celebration preparation committee of the Beijing municipal government.In
this paper, for example of the evening gala , we briefly discuss the television
stage large-scale variety show wireless network lighting control system.
Key words: control system wireless network adaptive beamforming license free broadband NLOS SDMA (space division multiple access transmission)
Range bandwidth blind spot coverage throughput anti jamming capability standard specification security mechanism receiving sensitivity adapting to environmental conditions
一 、Party demand analysis
1. summary
（Figure 1）
Figure 1 shows the lighting effect of the party. Due to the fact that during the day when the chief parade vehicle goes in and out of Tiananmen Gate and tanks pass through Chang'an Street, there are some problems between most of the lighting areas on the scene and the lighting control center of the viewing platform in the east of Tian'anmen Square, such as large distance span, difficult wiring construction, and many site constraints. It is difficult to use optical fiber and small wireless receiving equipment for transmission, which is the main technical difficulty of lighting control in this evening party For this, we have designed a variety of schemes to simulate the field environment for field test. At the same time, we also put forward higher requirements for the selection of equipment, that is, in this environment, the equipment must meet a series of requirements, such as long transmission, strong anti-interference ability, stable and reliable performance, and high safety performance. After two to three months of testing, Guangzhou shiquande lighting company proposed that it is the most reasonable, reliable and economic means to select high-frequency wireless data transmission scheme to solve the National Day party lighting control data network transmission. Wireless data transmission network can realize flexible and efficient real-time transmission. The network is stable and reliable, and has good security. At the same time, it also solves the problems of construction difficulty and construction quality, which is convenient for network management and maintenance on site. This scheme was submitted to the party Preparatory Committee for discussion and approval after several test data combined with field environmental detection, and submitted to the State Radio Administration for examination and approval. It was successfully tried in the first rehearsal on August 30, and the wireless equipment was inspected and approved by the state radio administration. The party preparatory Committee immediately decided to determine the wireless light transmission scheme in the application of lighting control in the National Day Gala The console of the auditorium on the east side of the gate is the central point, which is connected with the light area of the viewing platform on both sides of Tiananmen Gate, the lighting area of Tiananmen Square, the lighting area of the East, North and roof of the Great Hall of the people, and the lighting area of the West and north sides of the history museum and the roof lighting area. The Ethernet based transmission mode is used to transmit the control data.
2.requirement analysis
(1) Analysis of the party environment
The viewing platform light area on both sides of Tiananmen Gate, the square lighting area and the central point are the sight distance environment, the distance is about 300 ~ 500 meters; the Great Hall of the people
The East and north sides, as well as the West and north sides of the history museum and the central point are not visible, and are blocked by dense green belts and large LED screens,
The distance is about 500 ~ 800 meters. Since it is impossible to mount the equipment at these locations, the equipment is directly erected on the support 2 ~ 3 meters above the ground
This needs to reflect the NLOS transmission performance of wireless network equipment. A wireless remote station is set up in the lighting area on the roof, and the light in the ground square area is transmitted wirelessly at the same time to obtain the control data. At the same time, in terms of security work, it improves the requirements of anti-interference ability of wireless network transmission equipment, so we must not only overcome the interference of external equipment, but also give full play to the high anti-interference ability of the equipment.
(2)Demand orientation of Party wireless transmission equipment
The wireless network lighting control data transmission of the 60th anniversary National Day Gala is used to transmit and control the data of all lighting areas. High requirements are put forward for the stability, transmission rate and network security of the system, which ensures the stability and reliability of the whole system, high redundancy, efficient and rapid data transmission, and high security guarantee.
After detailed analysis, the wireless network system should have the following characteristics:
Convenience: as long as the appropriate location on the ground of each area is selected, the mode of combined omni-directional antenna is adopted, and the signal is transmitted in the form of radio wave without adjusting any angle;
Stability: it has carrier level stability to ensure good network communication quality and long-term continuous and stable operation of wireless network system;
Security: support WEP, WPA, WPA2, 802.1x, radius and other rich encryption methods to ensure the security of network communication
Network security of users;
High quality: high quality wireless products are used to ensure the transmission quality of NLOS and have strong anti-interference ability. The system can meet the network bandwidth requirements of each lighting area, and has certain redundancy configuration;
Maintainability: any wireless node can be centrally managed and maintained on the network, which is convenient for alarm and troubleshooting;
Economy: the system can achieve the most satisfactory network transmission effect by using as few Wi Fi cellular base stations as possible, and has a high economic type.
3. Standard principles of wireless equipment
According to the specific situation of the party, we follow the following standard principles in the network design:
(1)Advanced principle
Adopting advanced design ideas and selecting advanced network equipment, the network will maintain advanced technology in a certain period.
(2) The principle of openness
Network design and network equipment selection comply with international standards and industrial standards, so that the network has a high degree of openness and technical compatibility of the equipment provided.
(3) Principle of extensibility
While fully considering the current situation, the network design must take into account the needs of technology application and development in a long period of time in the future, leaving the possibility of full upgrade and expansion. Make full use of the existing communication microwave resources, so as to provide sufficient room for expansion to a higher rate in the future. On the other hand, there must be enough room for the expansion of network scale.
(4) Safety principle
The design of network system must implement the security principle to prevent all kinds of damage from inside and outside the network. The implementation of safety principles is reflected in the following aspects:
1. The equipment adopts spread spectrum technology;
2. Encryption of RF channel is provided;
3. Users can set up their own network bridge or add independent encryption device to achieve higher security;
4. It has security measures such as authorization, authentication, control and audit of resource access within the network to prevent the illegal access and damage of network resources by users in the network.
(5)Reliability principle
The design of network system must implement the principle of reliability, so that the network system has high availability. The principle of reliability is embodied in the following aspects:
1) Select network equipment with advanced technology, mature software and high reliability;
2) The system gain reserve is high;
3) The maintainability of the link is good.
(6) Manageability principle
The network system should have good manageability, so that network managers can easily and timely grasp the information such as network topology, network performance statistics, network fault, etc., and can easily configure and adjust the network to ensure that the network works in a good state。
二、Design of wireless network system for evening party
1. Wireless network scheme design
According to the specific requirements of the lighting control data transmission network of the 60th anniversary party of the national day, we propose the following scheme design:
In the wireless transmission system, the location of wbs-5800 base station and each remote station is shown in Figure 2
（Figure 2）
（1） Location of base station: three wbs-5800 base stations are installed on the light tower at the center of the viewing platform on the east side of Tiananmen Square.
（Figure 3）
（2）
The lighting area of the four parts of the evening party is divided into 12 points, and the wireless remote station of WAVEON is set up to connect with the base station of the central point
Then.
。 Among them:
1) Tiananmen Square is equipped with 3 points. (FIGS. 4 to 6)
（Figure 4） （Figure 5） （Figure 6）
2）The southeast, northeast, North and roof of the Great Hall of the people are divided into four points. (Figures 7 to 9)
（Figure 7） （Figure 8） （Figure 9）
3) The northwest, southwest, North and roof of the historical museum are divided into 4 points.
4) The light area (light tower) of the viewing platform on the west side of Tiananmen Gate is divided into 1 point.
2. Wireless network equipment selection
In 1997, IEEE introduced the 802.11 WLAN 2Mbps standard, and WLAN has not been popularized. However, the emergence of 802.11b technology in 1999 makes the speed of WLAN reach 11Mbps
With the development of WLAN market, new standards such as 802.11g and 802.11a will increase the speed of WLAN
rate
A new height is mentioned, which can fully meet the needs of complex indoor and outdoor environment deployment and high bandwidth media applications.
China's WLAN has been fully developed in 2003, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
With the large-scale production of WLAN chips, the market price of the products is accepted by most consumers, which further expands the user market and forms a virtuous circle.
With the development of WLAN technology, especially the launch of mature 802.11g products, the new WLAN environment is satisfied
The application of high bandwidth media is compatible with a large number of existing 802.11b users.
Internet operators have deployed a large number of WLAN hotspots and promoted the service, which has made the concept of wireless local area network (WLAN) popular in large user groups, which has laid a strong foundation for further expanding the hot user market.
With the increasing popularity of mobile clients such as portable computers, pad and other products, the demand for accessing the Internet through WLAN is expanding.
In 2000, WAVEON products, with its unique spatial adaptive wave velocity shaping patent technology, launched a perfect solution for license free broadband wireless access with super coverage and access capability.
After detailed analysis and full consideration, we use WAVEON wbs-5800 SCT base station to realize the wireless transmission network of lighting control data of National Day party. WAVEON wbs-5800 SCT base station, a technology-leading WiFi wireless broadband base station with 5.8GHz license free band. Based on the smart antenna array composed of three antennas and three sets of RF transmitting devices, the wbs-5800 WiFi bridge base station can work in Los (line of sight) or NLOS (non line of sight) by means of beamforming (spatial adaptive beamforming) technology patented by WAVEON
And provide greater coverage and more stable wireless connection. In addition, WAVEON's unique leading technology SDMA (space division multiple access) technology can double the bandwidth capacity of 802.11a. For operators, governments and enterprise customers, these leading technical features in the wireless industry enable us to provide high-quality WiFi services with a small number of wbs-5800 SCT base stations. This can not only save the investment cost of equipment, but also bring convenience in management, which is of far-reaching significance.
The wbs-5800 SCT base station will improve WiFi coverage, bandwidth capacity, indoor penetration and strong interference environment based on WAVEON's most advanced spatial adaptive beamforming technology and the ability to be compatible with all WiFi cards on sale in the current market
It has significant performance on key performance points such as down work. Wave base station 5800, which will allow operators to provide low
High quality service with cost investment can avoid falling into a vicious circle of reducing service quality due to excessive investment cost.
3. Design basis
Decision on advanced patent technology of WAVEON wbs-5800
Its super strong technical performance. Compared with the traditional high-end bridge, the
The following advantages:
Strong transmission capacity;
● provide at least x 3 times the distance; X 9 times the area; x 6 times the capacity
Ultra high receiver sensitivity (- 105.5dbm), other good in the market at present
The maximum capacity of wbs-5800 is - 94 DBM, and the wbs-5800 is 11.5 DBM. Generally, 6dB represents the doubling of transmission distance;
The transmitting power is only 19 DBM (less than 100 MW), which brings the equivalent output power of up to 42 DBM;
With super anti-interference capability, smart antenna array can effectively control the reception of interference signals and the interference of transmitted signals to other equipment. Therefore, in extreme cases where terminals are very dense, multiple devices can be placed at the same point or in the same direction to expand the huge number of customers without interference.
(1) Beamforming smart antenna function advantages
● determine the communication address according to the terminal location and signal transmission path;
Generation of multipath high gain directional point beam (pointing to the location of the terminal);
● intelligent and automatic merging of multipath signals when transmitting and receiving;
The multi-path transmitting and receiving of intelligent high gain beam brings excellent depth NLOS function;
Different from the general omni-directional antenna, the directional point beam generated by smart antenna automatically avoids the path passing through the interference signal.
（Figure 11）
(2) Advantages of SDMA space division multiple access technology
Real simultaneous communication with many customers at the same frequency
(different from TDMA);
Multi channel concurrency at the same frequency point greatly improves the utilization rate of frequency points,
SDMA technology has doubled the bandwidth capacity;
Adaptive beamforming technology can provide peak bandwidth
Gain required.
（Figure 12）
Through the actual test, it can be found that: an ordinary laptop built-in wireless network card can still be stable and high bandwidth communication through the shelter of four dormitory buildings. No matter in any complex occlusion interference environment, it can transmit at least 500m effectively, and the farthest distance with outdoor CPE can reach more than 15km.
4. Scheme configuration description
According to the following National Day 60th anniversary party lighting control data wireless transmission network configuration, can meet the needs of Party lighting control data transmission. A total of 3 WAVEON wbs-5800 base stations and 12 remote stations (CPE) are used to realize the wireless transmission of evening lighting control data.
(1) Three wbs-5800 base stations are used to connect 12 remote stations in omni-directional 360 ° mode for wireless transmission. WBS-5800
The bandwidth of the base station adopts the most advanced beamforming (spatial adaptive beamforming) technology and the unique leading SDMA (space division multiple access) technology in the industry. Through six sets of smart antenna array RF transmitting devices, it can provide a wider transmission range significantly higher than ordinary wireless AP, and has excellent NLOS transmission capability and indoor penetration. The link quality, transmission distance, NLOS capability and stability of wireless transmission network are in the leading level in the industry.
(2) With the unique and leading SDMA (space division multiple access) technology, as well as the powerful NLOS transmission capability, and the excellent anti-interference ability of wbs-5800 base station, a series of unique technologies are used to ensure robust wireless network communication. The connection range of the three wbs-5800 base stations is crossed with each other, which can meet the data transmission requirements of all light areas. In the long-distance, point to multipoint, high bandwidth and NLOS transmission application environment, wave wireless transmission network improves the overall efficiency of wireless network with a more economical architecture.
(3) The wbs-5800 base station is connected to the central point switch through category 5 network cables to access the network where the console is located. The remote station (CPE) is also connected to the light control decoder or switch through category 5 network cable.
(4) The specific installation location of wbs-5800 base station is at the top of the light tower at the center point, about 10 meters high. Due to the limitation of the party venue, the installation of CPE at each point is basically carried out on the ground support with a height of about 2-3m. Wbs-5800 base station and remote station (CPE) are fixed by special fixture, and the base station antenna is required to be vertical upward.
(5) Wbs-5800 base station has excellent telecommunication level stability and reliability of wireless communication base station. It adopts IP-67 platform durability level and outdoor design to ensure long-term stable operation of the system. The wbs-5800 base station is fed by Poe. During installation, only one network cable (10 / 100Mbps) is needed to connect the base station equipment. The POE power supply can be connected to the AC power supply in the machine room or installed in other suitable positions.
3、 Lighting system design
Advanced, reasonable and reliable wireless network lighting control system and lamps and equipment with modern scientific and technological level are the preconditions to ensure that the overall design goal of lighting system in the National Day Gala can be realized; according to the site situation, the reasonable allocation of lamps and lamp positions is an important sign to fully reflect the level of lighting design.
（Figure 13）
In this design, the stage lighting is divided into four large areas, with the East and West viewing platforms of Tiananmen tower as the surface lighting area, and the location of the Great Hall of the people, the National History Museum and the people's Heroes Monument Square constitute an omni-directional lighting array.
The lighting layout of Tiananmen Square National Day party is as follows:
（Figure 14）
(1) Design and configuration of surface lighting system
The surface light is mainly used to illuminate the performance area at the front of the stage, playing a positive role in lighting the performers on the stage, for the modeling of characters or making the objects on the stage present a three-dimensional effect
The surface light is composed of the surface light frame set up by the East and West viewing platforms of Tiananmen Gate Tower. 45 new 7KW searchlights are used to focus and light according to the projection distance, so as to ensure the surface light projection effect, uniform spot and uniform illumination. There are 1 wireless receiving remote station, 1 tingao S8 signal amplifier and 1 2port node network node in the West viewing platform. Dongguanli is the place where the light console is placed, and is controlled by two ma control platforms. There are 2 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 1 2port node network node, 3 switches and 3 wireless base station transmitters. As shown in the figure below, the installation location of the wireless base station in dongguanli is as follows:
（Figure 15）
(2) Facade design of the Great Hall of the people
The distribution of network signal cabinet, power distribution cabinet and lamps on the facade of the city hall is divided into three areas: the roof, the East facade (southeast, due east, northeast), and the North facade; the roof of the hall is distributed with one wireless receiving remote station, one tingao S8 signal amplifier and two ports There are 2 nodes, 2 switches, 72 7KW searchlights, 1 wireless receiving remote station, 3 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 3 net512 network nodes, 1 switch, 15 7KW searchlights, 12 citycolor, 12 Zhujiang wash12, led250, and mac2000 72 in the southeast elevation; the East facade has mac2000 In the Northeast elevation, there are 1 wireless receiving remote station, 3 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 3 net512 network nodes, 1 switch, 72 mac2000 and 12 Pearl River washes; the north elevation is distributed with 1 WAVEON wireless receiving remote station, 3 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 3 2port node network nodes, 1 switch, and vl3500 32, 12 7KW searchlights and 48 Pearl River washes.
（Figure 16）
(3) Facade design of National History Museum
The distribution of network signal cabinet, power distribution cabinet and lamps on the facade of national history museum is divided into three areas: the roof, the West facade (southwest, due west, northwest), and the North facade (northeast, Zhengbei and northwest); the roof of the national history museum is distributed with one wireless receiving remote station, two tingao S8 signal amplifiers and two ports There are 2 nodes and 2 switches in node network, with 72 7KW searchlights in total. In the southwest facade, there are 1 remote wireless receiving station, 4 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 3 net512 network nodes, 1 switch, 15 5kW searchlights, 24 citycolor, 20 Zhujiang wash and 40 mac2000; and mac2000 is distributed in the West facade 44, citycolor 22, 7KW searchlights 12; Northwest facade is distributed with 3 tingao S8 signal amplifiers and net512 network
（Figure 17）
There are 3 nodes, 1 switch, 40 mac2000, 20 Pearl River washes, 15 5kW searchlights and 24 citycolor; 1 remote station of wave wireless receiving, 3 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 3 2port node network nodes, 1 switch, 7 citycolor, 14 Pearl River wash, 180 led and 24 citycolor There are 1 wireless receiving remote station, 2 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 2 2port node network nodes, 1 switch, 7 citycolor, 14 Pearl River wash, 180 LEDs and 12 mac2000.
(5) Design and configuration of Monument Square of people's Heroes
The square is divided into three parts, East, West and south of the light cube. WAVEON is distributed in the east of the light cube
1 wireless receiving remote station, 2 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 2 2port node network nodes and 5kW searchlight
In the west, there are 1 WAVEON wireless receiving remote station, 2 tingao S8 signal amplifiers, 1 2port node network node, 30 5kW searchlights, 1 WAVEON wireless receiving remote station, 1 tingao S8 signal amplifier, 1 2port node network node, 30 5kW searchlights and 40 7KW searchlights in the south.
（Figure 18）
4、 Construction and supporting requirements of wireless lighting control transmission equipment for evening party
1. Equipment installation mode
The installation angle can be in two ways:
1) Installation method of vertical holding pole,
2) Installation method of horizontal holding pole. (this way will be adopted in this evening)
Attention should be paid to the following:
1) The base station is at least 2 meters vertical from the ground or roof,
2) The base station shall be at least 1 m away from the tower or building level.
During installation, attention should also be paid to:
1) Wbs-5800 antenna transmitting and receiving are omni-directional, without directional calibration, keeping vertical upward.
2) When installing, use the automatic frequency selection (ACS) tool of WAVEON to find the cleanest frequency point. This function can greatly improve the transmission effect of network signal.
2. Grounding
In the base station installation point, it is necessary to provide a good lightning protection ground, so that outside the base station equipment
（Figure 19）
The shell, lightning protection device and installation holding pole can be grounded nearby. Single core or multi-core wire with diameter of more than 18awg with wire diameter of 1mm2 shall be used for grounding wire.
When the site grounding conditions are not satisfied, it is necessary to install additional lightning protection grounding device, that is, to provide good grounding by installing grounding body (such as grounding pin) and down lead. As shown in Figure 19 above:
3. System lightning protection design
● lightning rod
At each base station installation point, if there is no lightning protection network on the top of the building, it is necessary to install lightning rod above the base station to prevent the base station from being damaged by lightning.
Power supply lightning protection
The main purpose of power lightning protection system is to prevent the lightning wave from damaging the equipment through the power line. In order to avoid excessive residual voltage of high voltage after discharge from arrester to ground or damage subsequent equipment after lightning arrester is destroyed due to greater lightning current, and to prevent cable from secondary induction, according to GB 50057-94 code for design of lightning protection of buildings (2000 EDITION) and GB 50343-2004 technical code for lightning protection of building electronic information system, grading protection and step-by-step discharge of current should be adopted principle. One is to install the primary power arrester with large discharge current at the main power line of the building supplying power to the equipment; the other is to install the secondary or final power arrester at the main floor or the incoming line of the important equipment power supply.
For this monitoring system, the primary and secondary lightning protection of power supply should be considered at the main power supply line of the building at the installation point. The power feeder of 802.11a sector base station is equipped with special outdoor arrester.
Lightning protection of signal line
Because lightning wave can induce high instantaneous impulse energy on the line, more and more electronic equipment are damaged by overvoltage under the lightning wave impulse. The consequence is that the whole system may be interrupted. Therefore, it is necessary to install necessary lightning protection device at the network communication port to ensure the safe operation of the network communication system.
In this system, we use special outdoor lightning arrester in 100M Ethernet interface of base station.
● grounding
Grounding is to let the lightning current that has been integrated into the lightning protection system smoothly flow into the earth, and can not let the lightning energy concentrate in a certain place of the lightning protection system, which will damage the protected objects. Good grounding can effectively discharge the lightning energy, reduce the voltage on the downlead and avoid counterattack. Lightning protection and grounding is the most basic link in the lightning protection system. If the grounding is not good, the lightning protection effect of all lightning protection measures can not be brought into play.
According to the relevant provisions of code for design of lightning protection of buildings (GB 50057-94) and code for electrical design of civil buildings (JGJ / t16-92), the grounding electrode and metal shell of all equipment in the control room are grounded. The specific treatment method of grounding is: lead a branch line from the grounding main line of the common grounding body to the central machine room, install the copper busbar in the machine room, lead the grounding wire to the grounding copper bar separately for power grounding, anti-static grounding, lightning protection grounding and equipment shell grounding, and firmly connect to ensure the safety of electrical equipment and personal.
As mentioned above, good grounding shall be provided at each base station installation point through down lead and grounding body.
5、 Conclusion
Combined with the current development trend of wireless network technology and fully applied to modern stage lighting control system, through the successful example of the 60th anniversary National Day evening party wireless network lighting control data transmission technology, the applicability, stability, reliability and advanced nature of the system are proved.
(FIG. 20)
The application of wireless network technology to the lighting control of film and television stage has created a precedent in China and the most in the world. It fully reflects the continuous innovation and development of modern film and television stage lighting technology and art, and opens a broader creative space for the future modern film and television stage lighting in outdoor mobile performances, large theme parks, outdoor lighting, large opening and closing ceremonies and large parties.
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