Preface
This standard was established for the first time in response to the needs of the development of stage lighting in our country.
The symbol system used in this standard is based on those recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) for stage lighting fixtures.
This standard takes into account the advisory technical document titled “Common Terms and Symbol Codes for Stage Lighting” published by the Beijing Lighting Society; as well as the “Drawing Templates for Stage Lighting Fixtures” designed by the Shanghai Theatre Academy and produced by the Zhejiang Stage Electronics Technology Institute. It also incorporates symbols from countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.
The State Bureau of Technical Supervision has recently issued GB/T1.1—1993, “Guidelines for Standardization Work, Part 1: Rules for Drafting and Expressing Standards, Section 1: Basic Provisions for Standard Compilation,” which sets new rules for standard drafting. This standard was prepared in accordance with these new rules.
This standard comes into effect on October 1, 1995.
Appendices A, B, and C are all part of this standard.
This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Culture, which is also responsible for its oversight.
The unit responsible for drafting this standard is the Shanghai Stage Technology Research Institute; other units that contributed to its drafting include the Shanghai Guangyao Film and Photography Equipment Factory and the Handan Lighting Fixture Factory.
The main drafters of this standard are Shi Weicang, Tian Tian, Li Guoliang, and Zhao Qinglan.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the graphics, symbols, codes used in stage lighting design, as well as the basic rules for drawing lamp position diagrams and lighting plans.
1.2 This standard applies to lamp position diagrams and lighting plans created by lighting designers to convey their design intentions. The graphic symbols mentioned also serve as identification marks on the packaging of lighting fixtures produced by manufacturers.
1.3 The lamp position diagrams, lighting plans, and related terms in this standard are primarily intended for use in frame-type stages. They can also be used as a reference for other types of stages and situations where similar functions related to stage lighting are required.
2 Referenced Standards
GB4457—84 Mechanical Drawing
GB7093.1—7093.4—86 Rules for Representing Graphic Symbols
GB/T14076—93 General Technical Requirements for Film and Television Stage Lighting Fixtures
JGJ57—88 Code for Design of Theatre Buildings
3 Definitions
3.1 Frame-Type Stage
A stage that uses a frame-shaped stage opening at the front of the performance area.
3.2 Lamp Position Diagram
A diagram that shows the installation locations of stage lighting fixtures, along with information regarding the type of lamps used, their specifications, and any accessories.
3.3 Lighting Plan
A diagram that indicates the projection points, range, and color variations of the light beams emitted by the lighting fixtures.
3.4 Stage Opening Line
A hypothetical horizontal axis drawn along the inner side of the stage opening, indicated by dashed lines. (See Figure 1)
3.5 Central Axis
A hypothetical axis that extends from the center point of the stage opening line to the center point at the back of the stage, also indicated by dashed lines. (See Figure 1)
图一
3.6 Curtain Line
The projection line of the curtain on the stage surface is represented by a wavy line. (See Figure 1)
3.7 Screen Line
The projection line of the screen on the stage surface is represented by a dashed line. (See Figure 1)
3.8 Stage Orientation
With the actor standing on the stage and facing the audience, the left and right sides of the stage are defined as such; the left side is also referred to as the exit door, while the right side is called the entrance door.
3.9 Contour Lines
In the diagrams, lights that are at the same height are connected by thin solid lines, with height markings indicated; these lines are known as contour lines. (See Figure 8)
3.10 Names of Light Fixtures
In frame-type stages, the locations where lights are installed are commonly referred to using the following terms.
3.10.1 Front Light (also known as face light)
This is a light fixture located outside the stage opening, shining light onto the stage from directly above. The one closest to the stage opening is called the first front light; subsequent ones are called the second front light, third front light, and so on.
3.10.2 Outside Light at the Stage Opening (also known as side light or external light)
These are light fixtures located in the upper part of the side walls of the auditorium, shining light onto the stage from both sides outside the stage opening. As per 3.8, they are distinguished as left and right. When there are multiple such lights, they are numbered in sequence according to 3.10.1, i.e., first outside light, second outside light, etc.
3.10.3 Inside Light at the Stage Opening (also known as column light or fake stage opening side light)
These are light fixtures located on both sides inside the stage opening, near the stage frame. They are usually installed on column-shaped light fixtures or on the sides of the fake stage opening. As per 3.8, they are distinguished as left and right.
3.10.4 Side Lights (also known as internal light or flylight)
These are light fixtures located on both sides of the stage. As per 3.8, they are distinguished as left and right. When there are multiple side lights on the same side, they are numbered from bottom to top as first side light, second side light, third side light, and so on.
3.10.5 Foot Light at the Stage Opening
This is a light fixture located at the front edge of the stage, shining light upward from the stage surface.
3.10.6 Top Light
This is a light fixture located at the top of the stage. It is numbered as first top light, second top light, third top light, etc., depending on its position from the stage opening toward the back of the stage.
3.10.7 External Top Light at the Stage Opening
This is a light fixture located at the top outside the stage opening, between the front light and the stage opening.
3.10.8 Curtain Light
This is a light fixture located at the front or back of the curtain, shining light onto the curtain.
3.10.9 Mobile Light
This is a light fixture that can be moved around on the stage surface.
3.11 Names of Light Fixtures
The names used are those specified in GB/T14076 and other relevant standards for light fixtures.
3.12 Names of Stage Areas
The relevant terms are taken from the definitions in JGJ57 (see Appendix C).
4 Symbols
When drawing diagrams, the following symbols should be used.
4.1 Symbols for common light fixtures. (See Figure 2)
4.2 Symbols for common accessories of light fixtures. (See Figure 3)
5 Technical Drawing
5.1 Sheet Size and Format: The requirements of GB4457.1 apply to drawings and their sheet sizes; details can be found in Appendix A. The title block is located in the lower right corner of the sheet, and its dimensions as well as the information to be indicated are drawn in accordance with Figure 4.
5.2 Types of Lines and Their Use
5.2.1 The names, types, codes, and widths of various lines are governed by the provisions of GB4457.4; their typical uses in drawings are shown in Table 1.
图四
5.3 Fonts
The relevant provisions in GB4457 shall be applied (see Appendix B).
5.4 Light Position Diagrams
Light position diagrams are presented in the form of approximate plan views; elevation views are not required unless there is a specific need for them.
Such diagrams should show the following information:
a. The location and height at which the lights are installed.
b. The type, model, voltage, power, and additional components of the lights.
c. The identification number of each light.
5.4.1 Representation of Light Locations
5.4.1.1 Reference Lines
In the light position diagram, the central axis, stage edge line, backdrop line, curtain line, and the installation positions of other elements should be drawn to scale, with dimensions indicated in meters, accurate to two decimal places (see Figure 7).
5.4.1.2 Representation of Planar Positions
The planar position of a light is determined by the location of its symbol. The size of the symbol does not correspond to the actual size of the light, but it should be proportional to the scale of the diagram. The size of the same symbol should remain consistent throughout the diagram.
5.4.1.3 Representation of Light Heights
Since representing three-dimensional light positions on a plan view can lead to overlapping positions for lights that are above or below each other, the following rules apply (see Figure 7):
a. For lights on either side of the stage, the central axis is used as a reference: those closer to the axis are considered lower, while those further away are considered higher. For lights inside and outside the stage area, the stage edge line is used as a reference; those closer to this line are lower, and those further away are higher.
b. For commonly used three-dimensional lights on the stage, such as those on the outside or inside of the stage area, their heights are usually fixed, so they do not need to be indicated in the diagram. However, lights that might be confused with planar lights must have their heights specified. When drawing, use the symbols from Figure 5 to indicate the planar position of upper lights, and then use the symbols from Figure 6 to indicate the height. If the arrow points to an individual light, it indicates the height of that light; if it points to a contour line, it indicates the height of that group of lights (based on the lowest light in the group). Dimensions are given in meters, accurate to two decimal places (see lights numbered 81–84 in Figure 8).
**Figure 7**
**Instructions:**
1. Lights installed on the stage surface are marked at 0.00 m.
2. Compared to item 1, this light is located further away from the stage edge, but its planar position remains the same as item 1; thus, it is located above item 1, at a height of 7.50 m.
3. Sidelight fixtures installed on the flybridge have a fixed height, so their heights do not need to be indicated. However, lights hanging below the flybridge must have their heights specified, as their location is closer to the central axis.
4. For inside-stage lights, it is advisable to indicate the height of each layer separately.
5. Outside-stage lights are part of the fixed structure, so their exact heights do not need to be specified. Those closer to the stage edge line are considered lower, while those further away are considered higher.
5.4.2 Indication of Light Performance and Model Numbers
If the symbol alone cannot fully convey the performance details of a light, those details should be indicated below the symbol. If space does not allow this, the information can be placed using leader lines (see lights numbered 75–80 in Figure 8).
5.4.2.1 Indication of Voltage and Power
Voltage is measured in volts. If 220V is used, no indication is needed. Other voltages must be specified and written below the symbol on the left (see Figure 9a).
Power is measured in KW. Only the numerical value needs to be indicated, written below the symbol on the right (see Figure 9a).
5.4.2.2 If there are specific requirements regarding the light model, it can be indicated below the symbol, while the voltage and power details can be omitted (see Figure 9b).
5.4.2.3 If there are multiple lights of the same type, only one light’s details need to be indicated, with “same ×” written below the symbol (× represents the number or direction; see lights numbered 61–68 in Figure 8).
If it is difficult to include these details within the diagram, they can be listed in a separate table as an attachment to the diagram.
5.4.3 Identification and Marking of Lights
The identification number of a light is essential for wiring and operational purposes, so it must be indicated.
5.4.3.1 The identification number of a light should be based on the circuit number.
The circuit number can be determined in two ways:
a. All circuits controlled by a dimmer are numbered sequentially. Circuits that are not controlled by a dimmer are given separate numbers, with “Direct” indicated before the number, e.g., “Direct-5”, meaning it is the 5th direct circuit.
b. Numbers are assigned according to the light’s position, with the abbreviation of the position indicated before the number. For example, the fifth front-light circuit can be labeled as “Front-5”. If there are multiple lights on the same circuit, the circuit number is indicated first, followed by the numbers of the individual lights. For example, if the 5th circuit has three lights, it should be labeled as “5-1, 5-2, 5-3”.
5.4.3.2 The identification number is indicated below the light symbol. If it gets mixed up with voltage and power indications, a thick solid line can be used to separate them (see Figures 9a and 9b).
5.5 Lighting Diagrams
Lighting diagrams are generally presented in the form of a roughly planar view. Such diagrams should show the following information:
a. The direction in which the light beams are projected.
b. The range over which the light beams extend.
c. The color of the light beams.
Lighting diagrams can be used alongside lamp location diagrams, or they can be combined with those diagrams. When lamp location diagrams are available, the lighting diagram only needs to show the lamps required for the scene; the specifications of the lamps are usually not indicated, but their numbers must be specified. (See Figure 10)
5.5.1 Representation of the light axis direction
An arrow is used in front of the lamp symbol to indicate the direction in which the light axis extends. (See lamps numbered 4–7 in Figure 10)
5.5.2 Indication of the lighting position and range
The following three methods can be used as needed:
a. Textual descriptions can be provided near the lamp location. (See lamp numbered 49 in Figure 10)
b. The arrow indicating the light axis direction can be extended with a solid thin line to the desired projection area, with arrows pointing in both directions; the area between these arrows represents the lighting range on the stage surface. (See lamps numbered 11 and 22 in Figure 10)
c. The projection area can be outlined using dashed lines; these dashed lines represent the lighting range, and numbers and descriptions can be marked within this area. (See lamps numbered 31–36 in Figure 10 as an example)
5.5.3 Representation of color
The color of the lamps can be indicated in the following ways:
a. The arrow indicating the light axis direction and the dashed lines marking the lighting range can be drawn using colored pens, with black lines representing white light.
b. The manufacturer’s color code can be used for identification. For individual lamps, this code can be placed inside the lamp symbol; if the symbol is too small, it can be placed nearby, but the “#” symbol must be added. It can also be marked on the dashed lines indicating the lighting range or in the textual descriptions.
图八
图10
Appendix A
Paper Sizes
Dimensions of A1 paper size
A1.1 When creating drawings, it is preferable to use the paper sizes specified in the table; if necessary, the length of the paper can be increased along its long side. For A0, A2, and A4 sizes, the increase in length should be in multiples of one-eighth of the long side of the A0 size; for A1 and A3 sizes, the increase should be in multiples of one-fourth of the short side of the A0 size. It is also allowed to increase both sides of the A0 and A1 sizes simultaneously.
Appendix B
Font Styles
B1 Font
B1.1 The font used in illustrations must be neat, with clear strokes, proper alignment, and even spacing. Chinese characters should be written in the Chang Fangsong style, using the simplified characters officially adopted by the state.
B1.2 The size of the font, measured in millimeters, includes seven options: 20, 14, 10, 7, 5, 3.5, and 2.5*. The width of the font is approximately two-thirds of its height. Note that the thickness of the strokes for numbers and letters is about one-tenth of the font’s height.
B1.3 Italic text is tilted to the right, at an angle of around 75° relative to the horizontal line.
B1.4 Numbers and letters used as exponents, fractions, limits, footnotes, etc., are generally written in a font size one level smaller.
Examples of B2 Font
B2.1 Chinese characters – example in Chang Fangsong style
B2.2 Examples of Latin letters
Uppercase bold
Uppercase italic
lowercase italic
lowercase regular font
B2.3 Examples of Greek letters
Uppercase italic
lowercase italic
B2.4 Examples of Arabic numerals
Italic
Upright posture
B2.5 Examples of Roman numerals
Italicized
Upright posture
B2.6 Examples of font usage
附录C
Explanations of Terms Related to Theaters
C1. Theater: An entertainment building that includes a stage for performances, an audience hall for watching the shows, as well as rooms for actors and spectators.
C2. Audience Hall: A hall equipped with fixed seats for viewing performances.
C3. Ranges: The seating areas located on upper floors above the main seating area.
C4. Main Seating Area: The seating area that is at the same level as the stage.
C5. Private Boxes: Seating areas created by partitions on the side or back walls of the audience hall.
C6. Stage: The overall term for the performance area in a theater, including the main stage, side stages, back stage, orchestra pit, stage edge, wing stages, stage entrance, and other related components.
C7. Stage Edge: The part of the stage that extends outward from the stage entrance line toward the audience hall.
C8. Wing Stages: The seating areas located beside the stage edge, along the side walls.
C9. Main Stage: The performance area within the stage entrance, equipped with lighting and set designs; it is the primary stage surface.
C10. Side Stages: Areas located on either side of the main stage, used for changing sets, storing props temporarily, and holding other equipment.
C11. Back Stage: A stage area located behind the main stage, used as a second performance area to add depth to the stage setup.
C12. Stage Entrance Wall Axis: The line marking the position of the stage entrance wall on architectural drawings.
C13. Curtain Line: The line where the curtain projects onto the stage surface.
C14. Stage Entrance Line: The line formed by the columns or walls on either side of the stage entrance, which serves as a reference point for positioning stage machinery.
C15. Left and Right Directions on the Stage: These refer to the left and right sides of the stage, based on the actor’s position facing the audience hall.
C16. Roof Structure: The upper part of the stage, designed as a working area for installing hanging equipment.
C17. Walkway: A corridor built at a certain height along the walls of the main stage, side stages, and back stage.
C18. Artificial Stage Entrance: Composed of an upper frame and two side frames, this structure can be moved up and down, as well as left and right, allowing for adjustments to the size of the stage entrance.
C19. Stage Underneath: The space below the stage surface.
C20. Lighting Bridge: A steel bridge that runs parallel to the suspension rods, capable of moving up and down, used for installing and maintaining lighting equipment.
C21. Bridge Platform: A platform extending from the walkway, used to access the upper frame of the artificial stage entrance or the lighting bridge.
C22. Horizontal Curtains: Curtains placed across the upper part of the main stage.
C23. Side Curtains: Curtains located on either side of the main stage.
C24. Front Curtain: Curtains placed in front of the main curtain.
C25. Fire Barrier: A fire-resistant barrier installed between the audience hall and the stage, made of flame-retardant materials, and located at the stage entrance.